as organizações abaixo assinadas apelam aos Estados da América Latina e Caraíbas para que reforcem os mecanismos de prevenção, atenção às vítimas, investigação e punição deste crime, que afecta principalmente raparigas, adolescentes e mulheres.
Reconhece-se que foram feitos progressos legislativos na região que permitiram identificar e punir as pessoas envolvidas no crime de tráfico de pessoas, nas suas várias formas. No entanto, as medidas de prevenção e combate não alcançaram os resultados esperados; pelo contrário, as Américas representam a região do mundo com maior incidência criminal de tráfico de pessoas, com um aumento permanente nos últimos anos, de acordo com a Alto Comissário das Nações Unidas para a Droga e a Criminalidade (UNODC).[1]
A este respeito, a O Relatório Global do UNODC de 2018 sobre Tráfico de Pessoas refere que o maior número de vítimas de tráfico de pessoas encontra-se na sub-região do México, América Central e Caraíbas, com uma taxa de 1,6 casos por 100.000 habitantes, afectando principalmente raparigas (55%) e mulheres (25%), seguidas por rapazes (11%) e homens (9%), com uma taxa de 1,6 casos por 100.000 habitantes. exploração sexual, a principal actividade (87%).
No caso da América do Sul, a exploração afecta sobretudo mulheres (51%) e raparigas (31%), seguidas por homens (12%) e rapazes (6%). Nesta sub-região, 58% das vítimas são exploradas sexualmente.
É importante notar que as vítimas identificadas na América Latina e nas Caraíbas são provenientes da mesma região. Setenta e cinco por cento das vítimas identificadas no México, América Central e Caraíbas são provenientes destes mesmos países, enquanto o resto vem da América do Sul ou do Norte. No caso da América do Sul, 93% das vítimas pertencem a esta mesma sub-região.
O crime de tráfico humano está intimamente relacionado com o fenómeno da migração, que se tornou mais potente na América Latina em resultado da crise política na Venezuela e Nicarágua, e da violência e do crime organizado na América Central e no México. Nas Caraíbas, há também vítimas deste crime provenientes do Haiti e da República Dominicana.
Uma combinação de pobreza, desigualdade, desigualdade de género, baixa escolaridade, falta de registo de nascimento, catástrofes humanitárias e conflitos armados são factores que influenciam as raparigas, rapazes e mulheres da região a correrem um maior risco de serem vítimas deste crime.[2]
No contexto da COVID-19, as medidas de contenção para evitar o contágio e a propagação do coronavírus levaram ao encerramento das fronteiras e à suspensão dos procedimentos legais, bem como à redução dos recursos económicos, materiais e humanos para prevenir e atender às vítimas deste crime.[3]Todos estes elementos deixam raparigas, rapazes e mulheres ainda mais vulneráveis a serem recrutados por organizações criminosas.
Tendo em conta o acima exposto, as organizações abaixo assinadas advertem que os direitos das crianças, adolescentes e mulheres migrantes e refugiadas estão em risco, pelo que apelamos aos Estados da região para que o façam:
Reiteramos o nosso compromisso como sociedade civil de apoiar os esforços dos Estados no combate ao crime de tráfico de pessoas e solicitamos que sejam reforçadas as capacidades institucionais para prevenir este crime, especialmente entre raparigas, rapazes e mulheres.
Organizações parceiras do Programa de Apoio à Sociedade Civil da Save the Children na América Latina e nas Caraíbas
[1] UNODC (2018), Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (Relatório Global sobre Tráfico de Pessoas). Disponível em: https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/2018/GLOTiP_2018_BOOK_web_small.pdf
[2] UNICEF (2005), Handbook for Parliamentarians Against Child Trafficking. Disponível em: https://www.unicef.org/spanish/publications/files/Contra_la_trata_de_ninos_ninas__adolescents.pdf
[3] Escritório das Nações Unidas sobre Drogas e Crime (6 de Maio de 2020), COVID-19: O UNODC alerta para o aumento dos riscos para as vítimas de tráfico humano. Disponível em:
https://www.unodc.org/mexicoandcentralamerica/es/webstories/2020_05_AumentoRiegos_Trata_COVID19.html
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